Breaking Taboos and Empowering Communities

In the bustling lanes of Wadugodawatte – a low-income housing project in western Sri Lanka - Fasmila Begum, a spirited 18-year-old, is rewriting the narrative on menstrual health and hygiene (MHH) among young girls in her community. 

Amidst the challenges of being the oldest in a family of five daughters, aged 17, 13, 10, and three, Fasmila found her voice, when she stepped into an awareness session on menstrual hygiene conducted by UNICEF’s WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) programme in partnership with Sri Lanka’s Health Promotion Bureau (HPB) and the Urban Settlement Development Authority (USDA). At this meeting, Fasmila found herself in a diverse crowd, where both adolescent boys and girls eagerly absorbed knowledge that would transform their perspectives on MHH. 

Physical and emotional wellbeing

Fasmila is one of the approximately 4.2 million menstruating women and girls in Sri Lanka, lacking access to adequate information on menstrual hygiene. She says therefore, the awareness session helped answer many questions, which were elusive to her earlier.

"I learned many new things, like the importance of regularly changing the pad throughout the day and healthy dietary habits. I used to wear one pad for most of the day and consume a lot of fizzy drinks during my period. But now I know better and engage in better menstrual hygiene practices,” Fasmila says reflecting on her lifestyle changes.

But for her the journey did not stop at managing physical aspects; it extended to understanding the intricate link between her menstrual cycle and emotional well-being. "I'm more aware of why I have mood swings and feel more conscious of my emotions," she says.

Fasmila is a passionate athlete – an active netball player and a runner. She says she faced unique challenges during menstruation, often pushing herself through strenuous practice sessions. However, armed with newfound knowledge, she realized the importance of listening to her body. She also realized that being more aware of MHH opened scope for her to be involved in more extracurricular activities. "I learned that if I feel fatigued, it's best to give my body rest during menstruation because it's working extra hard," she shares. Her wisdom is not confined to herself but is generously shared with her teammates and coaches. 

Shattering myths and misconceptions

The session also shattered myths and misconceptions that had long plagued Fasmila's understanding of menstruation. "I was told not to enter the kitchen or visit places of worship because I’m 'dirty' during menstruation," she recalls, a hint of defiance in her voice. "I never thought was a wrong way to think, but now I know I was right."

Fuelled by a desire to spark change beyond herself, Fasmila took proactive steps to share her learnings with her school community. "During morning assembly, I worked through the media unit to take 45 minutes every few weeks to talk about menstrual hygiene and best practices," she explains, her commitment to open conversations evident. "Because I believe open conversations will help break taboos and reduce the stigma around menstruation.”

Asanthi Balapitiya, Consultant Community Physician at the Health Promotion Bureau, highlights the importance of addressing MHH and the need for improved, open dialogue on MHH in Sri Lanka.

“Menstrual health is a poorly acknowledged topic here in Sri Lanka, despite it affecting the majority of our population. It is not openly discussed, which perpetuates stigma and misconceptions. To tackle this, Health Promotion Bureau under the Ministry of Health established a national working committee with nine ministries, to improve menstrual health and environmental impact in Sri Lanka. They have initiated several programmes in collaboration with UN agencies like UNICEF and UNFPA. Strengthening and empowering menstrual health and hygiene will not only improve quality of life and promote gender rights but also enhance environmental health. This initiative aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals, emphasizing its broad impact on our society,” she explained. 

Putting men in menstruation 

Chanidu Himasa, a 16-year-old attendee of the same WASH session that focused on MHH, reflects on the impact it had on Fasmila and himself. "It was really simple and informative," he admits, a newfound sense of empowerment evident in his tone. "Even though this is taught in school for health, it's more from an anatomical point of view, and we don't understand it. But this was very practical, and I feel empowered to help my little sister and take care of her better,” he says adding, “It's also good to see my friends like Fasmila feeling empowered about themselves because of these trainings.”

Fasmila's journey epitomizes empowerment. As we commemorate Menstrual Hygiene Day, Fasmila's story is a hopeful reminder that education can break barriers and transform communities. In her journey, Fasmila proves that breaking taboos is not about challenging norms; it is about paving the way for a future where every woman can live with dignity and pride.